Secret Diagram: Motion

Showing posts with label Motion. Show all posts

Sunday, 5 March 2017

Types of Actuators used for Motion in Automation with Advantages Disadvantages

Types of Actuators used for Motion in Automation with Advantages & Disadvantages

The actuators used for performing motion (which includes control of speed, positional accuracy or torque) are

• Air Motors

• AC Induction Motors

• Clutch/Brake

• Stepper Motors

• Hydraulic Motors

• Servomotors

1) Air Motors –

This uses “compressed air” to create motion. Pressure and flow determine speed and torque. Positional accuracy is not a required.

Advantages:

1. Low cost

2. Available components

3. Maintenance easy

4. Simple

5 .Centralized power source

Disadvantages:

1. Audible compressor noise

2. Difficult to regulate speed

3 Prone to contamination

4. Energy inefficient

2) Hydraulic motors –

This uses “pressurized oil” to move a piston. Higher pressure results in higher torque (i.e. brute force).

Advantages:

1 .Easy to apply

2. High torques

3. Centralized power source

4. Simple

Disadvantages:

1. Audible noise

2. Difficult to control speed

3. Slow positioning

4. Prone to leaks

5. Energy inefficient

6. High maintenance required

3) Clutch/Brake –

A device couples a continuously rotating shaft and a load. Uncoupling the load results in stopping of shaft. Varying on/off time results in varying distances

Advantages:

1. Easy to apply

2. Low cost

3. Good for start/stop (not used with high loads)

4. Easy to provide speed matching

Disadvantages:

1. Uncontrolled acceleration

2. Inaccurate

3. Prone to wear

4. Non-repeatable performance

4) Stepping Motors –

Electromechanical device which converts one digital pulse into a specific rotational movement/Step or displacement. A "train of pulses" results in rotational speed.

Advantages:

1. Simple control

2. Moderate cost

3. Good for constant loads

4. Good positional accuracy

Disadvantages:

1. Prone to losing steps

2. Not good for varying loads

3. Energy inefficient

4. Large motor size

5. Resonance problems

5) AC Induction Motors –

Widely used for constant speed requirements. Electric "starters" provide connections/start-up/overload protection. Newer technology provides variable speed Drive capability.

Advantages:

1. Simple motor

2. Low cost

3. Mature technology

4. Straightforward on/off control

5. Affordable coarse speed control

6 .Simple wiring

7. Wide product variety

8. Many vendors available

Disadvantages:

1. Limited position control

2. Relatively larger size

6) Servomotors –

A motor with a "feedback" device called as encoder. High speed and position accuracy

Advantages:

1. High performance

2. Small size

3. Wide variety of components

4. High speeds available with specialized controls

Disadvantages:

1. High cost

2. High performance limited by controls

3. High speed, torque is limited.

Readmore → Types of Actuators used for Motion in Automation with Advantages Disadvantages

Saturday, 28 January 2017

Sequential Tilt Motion Lock

Here is a project for locking and unlocking with a tilt sensor by tilting it in a defined sequence. It uses an accelerometer module to detect the tilt motion. If the sequence matches with the predefined motion sequence, the lock opens. You can build this lock for a briefcase, ballot box, portable cashbox or even as a door-lock using suitable mechanical arrangement.

Circuit and working
Fig. 1 shows circuit diagram of the sequential tilt-motion lock. The circuit is built around Arduino Uno board (Board1), accelerometer module (ACC.1), solenoid lock/electric strike and a few other components.

Fig. 1: Circuit diagram of sequential tilt-motion lock

Arduino Uno board. Arduino is an open source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use hardware and software. It is intended for artists, designers, hobbyists and anyone interested in creating interactive objects or environments.

Arduino Uno is a board based on ATmega328 microcontroller. It consists of 14 digital input/output pins, six analogue inputs, a USB connection for programming the on-board microcontroller, power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It is operated with a 16MHz crystal oscillator and contains everything needed to support the microcontroller. It is very easy to use as the user simply needs to connect it to a computer with a USB cable, or power it with an AC-to-DC adaptor or battery to get started. The microcontroller on the board is programmed using Arduino programming language and Arduino development environment.

Pins A0, A1, A2, A3, A4 and A5 of Board1 are connected to pins ST, Z-axis, Y-axis, X-axis, GND and Vcc of the accelerometer module, respectively. Pin 10 of Board1 is connected to solenoid driver transistor through which the solenoid lock is connected.

Accelerometer module. An accelerometer is an electromechanical device that measures acceleration. The accelerometer module used here is based on ADXL335 triple-axis accelerometer from Analog Devices. The sensor has a full sensing range of ±3g.

The microcontroller in Board1 receives data at pins A1, A2 and A3 for z, y and x axes, respectively, from the accelerometer. This data is continuously compared by Board1 with predefined values for each axis. If the received sequence matches, Board1 unlocks the lock, which is either a solenoid lock or any other suitable magnetic lock. (We used a 12V electric strike for testing.) Glowing of LED1 indicates that the lock is open.

Software
The software for this project is written in Arduino programming language. The Arduino Uno is programmed using Arduino IDE software. ATmega328 on Arduino Uno comes with a boot loader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of external hardware programmer. It communicates using the STK500 protocol. You can also bypass the boot loader and program the microcontroller through in-circuit serial programming (ICSP) header, but boot loader programming is quicker and easier. Select the correct board from ‘Tools → Board’ in Arduino IDE and burn the program (sketch) through standard USB port in the computer.

Fig. 2: An actual-size PCB layout for the sequential tilt-motion lock

Fig. 3: Component layout for the PCB

Construction and testing

An actual-size (Arduino shield type), single-side PCB for the sequential tilt-motion lock is shown in Fig. 2 and its component layout in Fig. 3. Assemble the circuit on the recommended PCB to minimize assembly errors.

To test the circuit for proper functioning, switch on S1 and verify correct 12V supply for the circuit at TP1 with respect to TP0.

The neutral position of accelerometer module is parallel to the earth’s surface. The +Y and +X axes are marked on the accelerometer module. The default tilt sequence of this circuit defined in the source code is -X, -Y, -X, +Y, -Y. If the tilt sequence is correct, you can observe the glowing of an in-built LED (not shown here) connected to pin 13 of Arduino board. If you want to change the sequence, change it in the source code, recompile the program and burn into the microcontroller.

To open the lock, switch on S1 and tilt the circuit sequentially, as mentioned above, within one minute. If correct action is not completed within one minute, you need to repeat the tilt sequence from the start to unlock it. To close the lock, just switch off the circuit using on/off switch S1.

Soueced By : EFY Author: Akhil Kaushik

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Thursday, 10 November 2016

AMN12111 PIR Motion Sensor

PIR movement sensor module (Passive Infra Red) motion detection sensor AMN12111 is the smallest of objects the size of its shape. PIR motion sensor module (Passive Infra Red) AMN12111 fresneal come equipped with a lens. PIR motion sensor module (Passive Infra Red) AMN12111 has advantages can be directly connected to the microcontroller or other actuator driver.

PIR movement sensor module (Passive Infra Red) AMN12111 has a sensitivity that is very sensitive to changes in motion around it. PIR movement sensor module (Passive Infra Red) AMN12111 very suitable when applied to security systems. The price of the PIR movement sensor module (Passive Infra Red) AMN12111 not quite expensive. readily available in the market. For those of you who want to make a motion detection sensor. PIR movement sensor module (Passive Infra Red) AMN12111 is much easier and more practical than you have to make a series of Infra Red with the Tx and Rx.

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